Interleukin‐1β levels in gingival crevicular fluid and serum under naturally occurring and experimentally induced gingivitis

Abstract

To evaluate the interleukin-1 beta (IL-1 beta) levels in gingival crevicular fluid (GCF) and serum in either naturally occurring (N-O) or experimentally induced (E-I) plaque-associated gingivitis. Thirty-seven periodontally healthy subjects were evaluated in real life conditions (N-O gingivitis) as well as after 21 days of experimental gingivitis trial (E-I gingivitis). During the experimental gingivitis trial, in one maxillary quadrant (test quadrant), gingival inflammation was induced by oral hygiene abstention, while in the contralateral (control) quadrant, oral hygiene was routinely continued. IL-1 beta concentrations in N-O and E-I gingivitis were investigated for IL-1B(+3954) and IL-1B(-511) gene polymorphisms. (i) GCF IL-1 beta concentrations in E-I gingivitis were significantly higher compared with N-O gingivitis; (ii) an intra-individual correlation between GCF concentrations of IL-1 beta detected in N-O and E-I gingivitis was observed in control quadrants, but not in test quadrants; (iii) IL-1 beta concentration in GCF was associated with IL-1B(+3954) genotype only at test quadrants; (iv) IL-1 beta was detectable in serum only at low levels in a limited number of subjects, without difference between gingivitis conditions. Aspects of the bacterial challenge to the gingival tissues, such as the amount of plaque deposits and plaque accumulation rate, appear to affect the IL-1 beta levels in GCF in subjects with a specific IL-1B genotype.