Abstract
Interlayer-free glucose carbonized template silica membranesbased on tetraethyl orthosilicate (TEOS) and glucose were successfullyprepared using an acid-base catalysed sol-gel method for artificial brinewater desalination (7.5% wt NaCl solution %) at temperatures range from25, 40 and 60 °C. These membranes calcined at 250 and 400 °C. Themembranes were fabricated through sol-gel process by using TEOS(tetraethyl orthosilicate); ethanol; nitric acid; ammonia; aquadest andglucose as a template. By molar ratio is 1: 38: 0.0007: 0.0003: 5 and0.25%; 0.5%, 1% w/v glucose as template. The results show the highestwater fluxes of 1.8, 2.2 and 4.8 kg m−2 h−1 for 25, 40 and 60 °Cdesalination process with excellent salt rejections of 99.5, 99.5 and 99.7%, respectively. It was found that the higher the NaCl solution temperature asfeed solution as well as glucose concentration (0.25% to 1% wt) astemplate attached in the silica matrixes, the higher water fluxes eventhough the salt rejection remain the same. This study demonstrates that theorganosilica membranes offered the carbonized silica mesostructuremembranes with excellent separation of water from the hydrated salt ions, particularly for processing brine salt solutions.
Highlights
Silica sol were synthesised by a two-step acid-base sol–gel method using tetraethyl orthosilicate (TEOS, Merck) and glucose as a template, ethanol (EtOH) and water as solvents, and dilute nitric acid (0.0008M HNO3, Merck) and ammonia (NH3, 25%, Merck)
Silica sol is the final product of sol-gel making process by reacting TEOS precursor (Tetraethly orthosilicate) in ethanol and with the aid of acid and base catalysts, namely nitric and ammonia
There is silanol formation (Si - OH) under acidic conditions by hydrolysis process when TEOS precursor is dissolved into ethanol solution and will be hydrolyzed by addition of water and nitric acid catalyst
Summary
For people, water is the most thing needed for domestic needs. Water becomes a problem occurred almost all over of the world. It is due to the rapid population growth and the climate change. It was reported that there is only 3% of total consumable water on earth. The remaining 97% of the volume of water is salty [1]. Saline water cannot be utilised for daily need and can cause health problems. The World Health Organization (WHO) stated that more than 15% of the world's population does not have access to adequate drinking water [2, 3]
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