Abstract

Mirror movements are a common observation in patients with movement disorders and also in focal hand dystonia (FHD). Current findings of bilateral cortical and subcortical abnormalities even in patients with focal, unilateral symptoms may suggest that the contralateral primary motor cortex (M1) plays an important role in mirror dystonia (MD) and in the pathophysiology of FHD. Using transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) it has been demonstrated that the contralateral M1 can inhibit the output of the active M1. A reduction of the so-called inter-hemispheric inhibition (IHI) may contribute to the loss of inhibition in dystonia, and may also be relevant for the generation of MD.

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