Interhemispheric EEG differences in olfactory bulbectomized rats with different cognitive abilities and brain beta-amyloid levels

Abstract

Alterations in electroencephalogram (EEG) asymmetry and deficits in interhemispheric integration of information have been shown in patients with Alzheimer's disease (AD). However, no direct evidence of an association between EEG asymmetry, morphological markers in the brain, and cognition was found either in AD patients or in AD models. In this study we used rats with bilateral olfactory bulbectomy (OBX) as one of the AD models and measured their learning/memory abilities, brain beta-amyloid levels and EEG spectra in symmetrical frontal and occipital cortices. One year after OBX or sham-surgery, the rats were tested with the Morris water paradigm and assigned to three groups: sham-operated rats, SO, and OBX rats with virtually normal, OBX(+), or abnormal, OBX(−), learning (memory) abilities. In OBX vs. SO, the theta EEG activity was enhanced to a higher extent in the right frontal cortex and in the left occipital cortex. This produced significant interhemispheric differences in the frontal cortex of the OBX(−) rats and in the occipital cortex of both OBX groups. The beta 1 EEG asymmetry in SO was attenuated in OBX(+) and completely eliminated in OBX(−). OBX produced highly significant beta 2 EEG decline in the right frontal cortex, with OBX(−) > OBX(+) rank order of strength. The beta-amyloid level, examined by post-mortem immunological DOT-analysis in the cortex–hippocampus samples, was about six-fold higher in OBX(−) than in SO, but significantly less (enhanced by 82% vs. SO) in OBX(+) than in OBX(−). The involvement of the brain mediatory systems in the observed EEG asymmetry differences is discussed.