Interference of mouth breathing with orthodontic treatment duration in Angle Class II, Division 1

Jéssica Antunes Rodrigues,Sílvia Elaine Zuim De Moraes Baldrighi,Carla Patrícia Hernandez Alves Ribeiro César,Bianca Núbia Souza-Silva,Luiz Renato Paranhos

doi:10.1590/1807-2577.18916

Jéssica Antunes Rodrigues, Sílvia Elaine Zuim De Moraes Baldrighi + Show 3 more

Open Access

https://doi.org/10.1590/1807-2577.18916

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Abstract

Abstract Introduction Several factors can interfere with orthodontic treatment, and it is important to verify which ones may hinder its success. Objective To compare the duration of orthodontic treatment between nasal and mouth breathers with Angle Class II, Division 1 malocclusion. Material and method This is an analytical observational study which used the records of orthodontic patients cared at a higher education institution in Sao Paulo state, Brazil, between 1999 and 2009. Data from the following variables were analyzed: age, gender, breathing mode (nasal or oral breathing), and treatment duration (beginning and end). Patients were matched for age and treatment used. The ANOVA test was applied to analyze the study data at 5% significance level (p<0.05). Result The study sample consisted of 36 individuals, 16 female (10 nasal breathers and six mouth breathers) and 20 males (eight nasal breathers and 12 mouth breathers), aged nine to 15 years (mean age=13.021). As for orthodontic treatment duration, individuals in the nasal breathing group remained between 27 and 74 months (mean duration=39.61) under treatment, whereas treatment of individuals in the mouth breathing group lasted between 29 and 50 months (mean duration=36.66). No statistically significant differences were observed between the study groups. Conclusions We conclude that the variable altered breathing mode does not interfere with treatment duration.

Highlights

Several factors can interfere with orthodontic treatment, and it is important to verify which ones may hinder its success
Oral breathing presents multifactorial etiology, either due to obstruction of the upper airways or habits that cause air to pass through the mouth[2]
The specific scientific literature reports interference in dental occlusion, and some of the studies on prevalence of malocclusions in oral breathers tend to show that Angle Class II malocclusion is greater than[7,8,9,10] Class I11,12

Summary

Introduction

Several factors can interfere with orthodontic treatment, and it is important to verify which ones may hinder its success. Objective: To compare the duration of orthodontic treatment between nasal and mouth breathers with Angle Class II, Division 1 malocclusion. Oral breathing presents multifactorial etiology, either due to obstruction of the upper airways or habits that cause air to pass through the mouth[2] Such a respiratory mode may alter the growth of maxillary bones with a decrease in their transverse dimension[3], reduce the tone of the orofacial muscles Some authors have verified that respiratory mode can have an effect on the morphological characteristics of the face and on dental occlusion, further studies analyzing whether the altered breathing mode interferes with orthodontic treatment duration are still needed. The objective of this research was to answer the following clinical question: Does the altered respiratory mode influence the duration of orthodontic treatment in individuals with Angle Class II, Division 1 malocclusion? To this end, a study was designed to compare the orthodontic treatment durations between oral and nasal breathers, as explained ahead

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