Abstract
This paper proposes two solutions based on angle diversity receivers (ADRs) to mitigate inter-cell interference (ICI) in underground mining visible light communication (VLC) systems, one of them is a novel approach. A realistic VLC system based on two underground mining scenarios, termed as mining roadway and mine working face, is developed and modeled. A channel model based on the direct component in line-of-sight (LoS) and reflections of non-line-of-sight (NLoS) links is considered, as well as thermal and shot noises. The design and mathematical models of a pyramid distribution and a new hemi-dodecahedral distribution are addressed in detail. The performances of these approaches, accompanied by signal combining schemes, are evaluated with the baseline of a single photo-diode in reception. Results show that the minimum lighting standards established in both scenarios are met. As expected, the root-mean-square delay spread decreases as the distance between the transmitters and receivers increases. Furthermore, the hemi-dodecahedron ADR in conjunction with the maximum ratio combining (MRC) scheme, presents the best performance in the evaluated VLC system, with a maximum user data rate of 250 Mbps in mining roadway and 120 Mbps in mine working face, received energy per bit/noise power of 32 dB and 23 dB, respectively, when the bit error rate corresponds to , and finally, values of 120 dB in mining roadway and 118 dB in mine working face for signal-to-interference-plus-noise ratio are observed in a cumulative distribution function.
Highlights
The underground mining industry is considered a priority industry for many governments worldwide, so it has made great technological advances in its infrastructure and work environment [1].there are problems related to the mining environment that make work difficult and endanger the lives of mining workers, such as the presence of poisonous substances, toxic gases, and corrosive water, as well as dust
We evaluate the performance of the angle diversity receivers (ADRs) solutions proposed in the system visible light communication (VLC), in R x and applied in the two underground mining VLC scenarios, comparing them with a single PD, which is considered the baseline
All evaluations are numerical and created with the use of simulations in Matlab software, in which the VLC scenarios were designed; comparisons are made between the proposed ADRs with their signal combining schemes and the single PD
Summary
The underground mining industry is considered a priority industry for many governments worldwide, so it has made great technological advances in its infrastructure and work environment [1].there are problems related to the mining environment that make work difficult and endanger the lives of mining workers, such as the presence of poisonous substances, toxic gases, and corrosive water, as well as dust. Among the characteristics that these communication systems must have are: transmission of reliable and real-time information on the location and tracking of workers when a disaster occurs, transmission of smoke and hazardous gas detection data, information monitoring of mining machinery, and so on [3,4]. These details added to the hostile environment of a mining company, make the design of underground mine communications systems a challenging task, which, if properly implemented, would guarantee work safety and optimize the productivity of the mines. Noise bandwidth factor I3 2.5 × 10−23 A/Hz 10 nA
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