Abstract
Recently several new imaging modalities in the domain of x-rays have been invented that show dramatically improved contrast over standard imaging techniques, where the contrast is based on attenuation only. Their working principle is either interference between scattered wave fronts from a sample with a reference wave field or the selective measure of refraction properties of the sample utilizing a crystal analyzer. The first category includes multi energy x-ray holography (MEXH) and phase contrast imaging (PHC) while the latter includes diffraction enhanced imaging (DEI). The basic theory will be discussed and some recent applications in material science as well as medical imaging will be reviewed.
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