Interfacial nucleation in iPP/PB-1 blends promotes the formation of polybutene-1 trigonal crystals

Abstract

The formation of trigonal Form I′ crystals of polybutene-1 (PB-1) directly from melt has drawn much attention in past decades. In this study, we investigate the fractionated crystallization behavior of PB-1 within droplets formed by blending PB-1 with an excess of isotactic polypropylene (iPP) employing DSC, SEM, in situ synchrotron WAXD and FT-IR. When PB-1 is dispersed into a large number of small size droplets, the heterogeneous nucleation of Form II crystals can be inhibited because the number of droplets is larger than that of active nucleation sites for Form II (i.e., active heterogeneities originally present in bulk PB-1). The nucleation of the finely dispersed PB-1 droplets does not occur homogenously, but at the interface with the iPP matrix, which induces the crystallization of the droplets into Form I′. The crystallization rate of Form I′ at different temperatures was determined by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy. It was found that trigonal Form I′ crystallizes faster when the content of PB-1 in the blend is lower, and the specific interfacial surface area is larger. The opposite effect has been observed for the kinetics of the metastable Form II formation. It is therefore suggested that Form I′ crystallization is driven by the nucleation of PB-1 at the crystalline iPP surface, which competes with the crystallization of Form II induced by nucleating heterogeneities present in PB-1 droplets.