Abstract
In this paper, Li4Ti5O12 (LTO)/graphene (G) composites are synthesized by interfacial electrostatic self-assembly in a water-in-oil (W/O) microemulsion system, combining with high-temperature calcination. In the W/O microemulsion, the aqueous phase is dispersed into discontinuous uniform nanoscale ‘water pools’. Both the hydrolysis of titanium source and the growth of Ti(OH)4 are confined in those nanoscale ‘water pools’. The positively charged Ti(OH)4 colloid and the negatively charged graphene sheets present at the water-oil interface are tightly bound by electrostatic interaction. In the scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and transmission electron microscope (TEM) images of LTO/G (W/O) composite, LTO particles (less than 50 nm) are uniformly anchored on graphene. Electrochemical measurements show that the LTO/G (W/O) anode has a high reversible capacity of 174 mAh g−1 (304.5 mAh cm−3) and 152 mAh g−1 (266 mAh cm−3) at 1 C and 10 C respectively, and a 97% capacity retention after 600 cycles at 10 C rate. The above excellent electrochemical performance benefits from the fact that the uniformly dispersed nano-sized LTO particles are tightly anchored on the graphene, which can shorten the lithium ion migration path, expose more active sites and improve the conductivity.
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