Abstract
Lithium metal batteries (LMBs) enable much higher energy density than lithium-ion batteries (LIBs) and thus hold great promise for future transportation electrification. However, the adoption of lithium metal (Li) as an anode poses serious concerns about cell safety and performance, which has been hindering LMBs from commercialization. To this end, extensive effort has been invested in understanding the underlying mechanisms theoretically and experimentally and developing technical solutions. In this review, we devote to providing a comprehensive review of the challenges, characterizations, and interfacial engineering of Li anodes in both liquid and solid LMBs. We expect that this work will stimulate new efforts and help peer researchers find new solutions for the commercialization of LMBs.
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