Interface Joint Strength between SS316L Wrought Substrate and Powder Bed Fusion Built Parts.

Jason M Weaver,John R Linn,Michael P Miles

doi:10.3390/ma14113041

Jason M Weaver, John R Linn + Show 1 more

Open Access

https://doi.org/10.3390/ma14113041

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Abstract

Metal powder bed fusion (PBF) additive manufacturing (AM) builds metal parts layer by layer upon a substrate material. The strength of this interface between the substrate and the printed material is important to characterize, especially in applications where the substrate is retained and included in the finished part. Ensuring that this interface between the original and the printed material has adequate material properties enables the use of this PBF AM process to repair existing structures and create new parts using both AM and conventional manufacturing. This paper studies the tensile and torsional shear strengths of wrought and PBF-built SS316L specimens and compares them to specimens that are composed of half wrought material and half PBF material. These specimens were created by building new material via PBF onto existing wrought SS316L blocks, then cutting the specimens to include both materials. The specimens are also examined using optical microscopy and electron backscatter diffraction (EBSD). The PBF specimens consistently exhibited higher strength and lower ductility than the wrought specimens. The hybrid PBF/wrought specimens performed similarly to the wrought material. In none of the specimens did any failure appear to occur at or near the interface between the wrought substrate and the PBF material. In addition, most of the deformation in the PBF/wrought specimens appeared to be limited to the wrought portion of the specimens. These results are consistent with optical microscopy and EBSD showing smaller grain size in the PBF material, which correlates to increased strength in SS316L due to the Hall–Petch relationship. With the strength at the interface meeting or exceeding the strength of the original wrought material, this process shows great promise as a method for adding additional features or repairing existing structures using metal PBF AM.

Highlights

The additive manufacturing (AM) of metals can currently be accomplished through several different methods
This paper examines the feasibility of using powder bed fusion (PBF) in these situations
6 of 13 in necking and failure in the PBF/wrought specimens occurred within the wrought material the PBF/wrought specimens occurred within the wrought material in each case

Summary

Introduction

The additive manufacturing (AM) of metals can currently be accomplished through several different methods. The damage can be repaired by filling the damaged area using metal AM processes and machining the new material to the required tolerances, the original part can still be used [13,14,15] Both PBF and DED are viable options for printing onto an existing part as the substrate [16,17]. Azizi et al [10] examined maraging steel powder printed using PBF onto both C300 maraging steel and H13 tool steel substrates They found that both hybrid combinations yielded tensile properties similar to the wrought materials, especially following heat treatment. The blocks of wrought material and blocks produced using PBF were machined into Tension the test specimens to evaluate the tensile and torsional responses, following ASTM E8. EBSD patterns were collected and processed using EDAX’s OIM Data Collection v. 7 (Ametek, Mahwah, NJ, USA)

3.3.Results

Torsional Testing

Microscopy

Discussion

Analysis

Conclusions