Interface interactions between porous titanium/tantalum coatings, produced by Selective Laser Melting (SLM), on a cobalt–chromium alloy

Abstract

Porous titanium and tantalum coatings were produced on cast cobalt–chromium alloy substrate plates (Co-28 Cr-6 Mo ASTM designation F75)) using the additive manufacturing process Selective Laser Melting (SLM). Both tantalum and titanium coatings where successfully produced, however, a poor interface bond was observed with the titanium coatings on the cobalt–chrome alloy. This was due to a eutectic reaction leading to the formation of a low melting point phase βTi(CoCr) which cracks during cooling, rather than the formation of titanium carbide, as previously reported. This cracking makes titanium an unsuitable material to coat cobalt–chromium alloys using SLM. Tantalum coatings, however, showed considerably improved performance in terms of interface compatibility when compared to titanium and therefore a Co–Cr/Ta system would seem feasible for the manufacture of porous structured devices when a bi-material approach is required. This would allow the advantages of a highly biocompatible structured coating to be combined with the mechanical performance of a less biocompatible substrate.