Abstract
A near optimum system for entangled photon collection and absorption in a single trapped ion is experimentally achieved: High-efficiency is further demonstrated by the generation of multi-photon states with up to 15 photons.
Highlights
The comparison between measured probabilities and predicted bounds is relevant for quantum emitters beyond trapped ions, in particular, for the design of future systems optimizing photon collection from, and absorption in, quantum matter
The development of interfaces between traveling photons and quantum matter is a key requirement for emerging quantum technologies, allowing for single-photon sources [1] and the transfer, storage, and redistribution of quantum information [2]
If the quantum matter is a register of qubits with quantum-logic capabilities, more powerful applications become possible, such as scalable quantum computing [3] and arbitrary-distance quantum networks [4,5] for secure communication [6], distributed quantum sensing [7], and enhanced timekeeping [8]
Summary
What is the maximum probability with which a photon can be collected from a quantum emitter? While ideal optical resonators, if they existed, could achieve unit probability, realistic ones do not due to unwanted photon-loss mechanisms, such as scattering or absorption in the resonator mirrors [31,32,33]. The terms with j > 0 are contributions to Pin due to processes in which the emitter undergoes spontaneous decay from |e to the initial ground state |u before a cavity photon is generated These re-excitation events lead to cavity output photons that are not transform limited, that is, the summation over j describes a mixture of wavepackets in the temporal domain. The cavity polarization mode has a suboptimal projection onto the atomic dipole moment, leading to a reduced value for C (Appendix A) Considering these imperfections, the maximum photon-collection efficiency predicted by the analytical model [Eq (1)] for the experiments presented in Secs. Higher photon-collection efficiencies could only be achieved by changing properties of our cavity, by reducing either the losses or the waist
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