Intereye Symmetry in Bietti Crystalline Dystrophy

Abstract

To evaluate anatomic and functional intereye symmetry among individuals with Bietti crystalline dystrophy (BCD) using clinical and multimodal imaging methods, with a focus on the number, area, and distribution of the characteristic retinal crystalline deposits. Observational case series with prospective and retrospective data. Setting: Multicenter. Thirteen Australian and New Zealand participants (26 eyes) with confirmed biallelic CYP4V2 mutations and a characteristic BCD fundus appearance. Procedures and main outcome measures: Crystals visible on color fundus photography were manually counted. Crystals were superimposed on aligned multimodal fundus images. Spearman's correlation coefficients (ρ), intraclass correlation coefficients (ICCs), and Bland-Altman plots were used to quantify symmetry between eyes. Fundus crystal area and count, and absent-autofluorescence (absent-AF) area. Median participant age was 48 years (interquartile range: 40-60 years). Intereye symmetry was high for fundus crystal area (ρ=1.00, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.00-1.00; ICC=0.97, 95% CI: 0.88-0.99), fundus crystal count (ρ=0.98, 95% CI: 0.92-1.00; ICC=0.97, 95% CI: 0.89-0.99), and absent-AF area (ρ=0.88, 95% CI: 0.53-0.98; ICC=0.98, 95% CI: 0.90-0.99). Average foveal volume, foveal crystal count and area, average and central foveal thickness, best corrected visual acuity, and average macular and central foveal sensitivity were not highly correlated between eyes. This study demonstrated strong intereye symmetry measured by fundus crystal area, fundus crystal number, and absent-AF area. This may influence the choice of outcome measures for future therapeutic trials for BCD and provides valuable clinical information for ophthalmologists involved in the care and counseling of patients with BCD.