Abstract
The use of anabolic androgenic steroids (AAS) as well as other image- and performance-enhancing drugs (IPEDs) has become one of the most recent global major substance use disorders in the 21st century. These substances are not only used by professional bodybuilders and competitive athletes, but moreover by recreational gym users aiming to achieve personal image and sports-performance goals [1]. The global lifetime prevalence of AAS use is estimated to be as high as 1-5% in the general population and up to 30% among recreational gym users. In Switzerland, it is estimated that there are over 200 000 users that use these substances mostly outside of competitive sports [2].
Sign-in/Register to access full text options 
Free) 
Talk to us
Join us for a 30 min session where you can share your feedback and ask us any queries you have
Schedule a call
