Abstract
Understanding how the foot progression angle affects the foot kinematics, and interdependence of foot pro/supination components may be an important consideration for identifying those changes in a locomotor disorder arising from the pathological gait. Thirty females with different foot progression angle during normal gait were selected and assigned to one of the groups (neutral, toe-in and toe-out). Each participate performed 10 trials of barefoot walking during which 3-D foot kinematics were analyzed. Compare to the neutral group, the statistical analysis (p < 0.05) demonstrated that the toe-out group landed in greater inversion position (−4° ± 2°) and accompanied with greater abduction position (8° ± 3°); while the toe-in group landed in greater eversion position (1° ± 5°) and accompanied with less abduction position (3° ± 1°). At the instant of toe-off, the toe-out and toe-in groups were in the significantly greatest (9° ± 5°) and least (3° ± 1°) inversion position and accompanied with greatest (6° ± 7°) and least (−1° ± 3°) abduction position, respectively. The results suggested that foot progression angle affected the foot kinematics during gait. The different positional components of foot pro/supination indicated inter-dependent relationships that allowed the non-neutral groups with excessive or insufficient foot positioning around one axis direction a compensatory shift to another axis. In addition, the foot compensatory mechanisms could be separated as two opposite conditions which are inverse proportion within the pronation (or supination) components and direct proportion between pronation and supination components. On the other hand, the most observable differences of positioning could also have affected the abilities to absorb impact forces effectively and provide foot rigidity adequately. Individuals predisposed to landing in a toe-in position may be most affected by potentially deleterious foot-ankle mechanics. The study provided a preliminary insight into the interdependency of the foot pro/supination components which is suggested to be important to distinguish between/normal/ and /abnormal/ gait.
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