Abstract
Oral microbiome dysbiosis has important links to human health and disease. Although photodynamic therapy influences microbiome diversity, the specific effect of violet light irradiation remains largely unknown. In this study, we analyzed the effect of violet light-emitting diode (LED) irradiation on interdental plaque microbiota. Interdental plaque was collected from 12 human subjects, exposed to violet LED irradiation, and cultured in a specialized growth medium. Next-generation sequencing of the 16S ribosomal RNA genes revealed that α-diversity decreased, whereas β-diversity exhibited a continuous change with violet LED irradiation doses. In addition, we identified several operational taxonomic units that exhibited significant shifts during violet LED irradiation. Specifically, violet LED irradiation led to a significant reduction in the relative abundance of Fusobacterium species, but a significant increase in several species of oral bacteria, such as Veillonella and Campylobacter. Our study provides an overview of oral plaque microbiota changes under violet LED irradiation, and highlights the potential of this method for adjusting the balance of the oral microbiome without inducing antibiotic resistance.
Highlights
Human oral microbiota are estimated to comprise more than 700 diverse phylotypes, of which more than 50% have not been cultivated; only approximately 100 phylotypes are found in a typical individual [1,2]
The results suggested a variable sensitivity of dental plaque bacterial communities to violet light-emitting diode (LED) irradiation, and that the composition of oral microbiota may shift with respect to irradiation intensity
Violet light has been considered as a novel antimicrobial agent for directly killing bacteria, this study showed that violet light may serve as a preventive measure to improve human health by maintaining and restoring a balanced human oral microbiome shift
Summary
Human oral microbiota are estimated to comprise more than 700 diverse phylotypes, of which more than 50% have not been cultivated; only approximately 100 phylotypes are found in a typical individual [1,2]. The proliferation of pathogenic oral microorganisms would be suppressed when oral microbiota form a symbiotic biofilm, making a substantial contribution to a healthy oral state [5,6]. Factors such as sugar consumption, antibiotic treatment, and excessive exposure to carbohydrates can induce dysbiosis of the oral microbiota, leading to dental caries, gingivitis, and periodontitis [7,8,9]. The recent development and subsequent advancements in next-generation sequencing technologies have contributed to rapid progress in the analysis of bacterial diversity patterns [21], potential approaches for transforming oral microbiota into a healthy state have remained largely unexamined because of the various environmental factors that impact microbiota, as well as microbial community complexity
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