Abstract
Resumo As interações universidade-empresa-governo no Brasil refletem a orientação das políticas públicas e modelos adotados pelo Sistema Nacional de Inovação, nos quais a universidade passa a ser um importante ator social no desenvolvimento econômico. Considerando o papel da universidade e, consequentemente, a sua relação com o Estado e o mercado, o objetivo deste estudo foi analisar como ocorre a configuração de um modelo Hélice Tríplice na relação universidade-empresa-governo. O estudo, de natureza qualitativa, faz uso do método de estudo do caso de um programa internacional de cooperação educacional para a transferência de conhecimento. A coleta dos dados foi por meio de documentos, entrevistas em profundidade e analisados com uso da análise de conteúdo. Os resultados demonstram que a configuração da Hélice Tríplice é do tipo laissez-faire, no entanto, apresenta um desequilíbrio na participação dos atores envolvidos. O governo estadual teve uma participação coadjuvante e se limitou a regular e estabelecer a intermediação entre a universidade e a empresa de forma institucional, a empresa protagonizou a relação, se responsabilizando por grande parte das ações que deveriam ser assumidas pelos demais atores. A universidade buscou equilibrar suas finalidades sociais e econômicas implementando princípios da Universidade Empreendedora em sua estrutura e administrando obstáculos interculturais para articular outras parcerias. Entre as ações realizadas estão a criação de um programa de pesquisa e extensão e um curso de doutorado voltado à indústria naval. Isso demonstra que esse tipo de interação é capaz de promover, a longo prazo, a inovação, mesmo que de forma incremental.
Highlights
Beginning with the world economic crises of the ‘70s and ‘80s, the principles of New Public Management (NPM) arose from managerial reform in the United Kingdom and managerialist precepts designed to combat the politicization of American public administration stimulated this movement to redefine the role of the State
It was observed that some of the NPM principles could be extended to the domain of scientific policy in some countries along with market logic related to efficiency, results-based management, entrepreneurship and partnerships, and this began to be incorporated in the academic discourse in terms of science and technology policies (ELZINGA, 2010)
Its principles were accepted in many countries, including Brazil, influencing public policies directed towards a national system of innovation and altering institutional arrangements between universities, the market and government (DAGNINO, 2003)
Summary
Beginning with the world economic crises of the ‘70s and ‘80s, the principles of New Public Management (NPM) arose from managerial reform in the United Kingdom and managerialist precepts designed to combat the politicization of American public administration stimulated this movement to redefine the role of the State. In addition to these new formats, strategic alliances between companies and academic and government research laboratories work together to form trilateral initiative networks for the production of knowledge based on economic development (ETZKOWITZ and LEYDESDORFF, 2000; ETZKOWITZ, 2003; RANGA and ETZKOWITZ, 2013) This configuration is considered more balanced, because the institutions are more autonomous and can assume the role of others, making the relationships more symmetrical, reciprocal and cooperative. Put in a different way, the Triple Helix model centers on university-industry-government relations, and does not consider the social sphere in a broader context, and is predominant in the interaction between innovation and public policy development environments, mainly in countries with emerging economies (GUERRERO and URBANO, 2017; WONGLIMPIYARAT and KHAEMASUNUN, 2015). This is above all because Ranga and Etzkowitz (2013) consider the Brazilian teaching institutions to be of a hybrid nature according to the Innovation Law of 2004, which associates teaching and research institutions and extends to public and private laboratories and even academic foundations
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