Interannual variability of Si and N cycles at the time-series station KERFIX between 1990 and 1995 – a 1-D modelling study

Abstract

Interannual variability of nutrients and plankton cycles were studied at the time-series station KERFIX (50°40′S, 68°25′E) using a 1-D coupled physical-biogeochemical model that is descended from that of Pondaven et al. (1998). At KERFIX, a high half saturation constant for silicic acid uptake ( K Si ) and a high Si/ N uptake ratio are required to reproduce the Si and N cycles. Although very high in comparison with most data from temperate systems, these values are consistent with K Si and Si/ N uptake ratios measured in the Indian sector of the Southern Ocean. Past and recent finding on the role of light and iron limitation on nutrient consumption ratios might explain these “unusual” silicon uptake kinetic parameters. Comparison of model results with observations show that the model correctly reproduces the observed interannual variability of nutrients and plankton cycles at KERFIX between 1992 and 1995. Characteristic features of this region are a spring phytoplankton bloom of 1.0–1.5 mg Chlorophyll a m −3 and a net excess of silicic acid utilisation over that of nitrate. This high silicic acid utilisation leads to low Si concentrations in late summer and subsequent Si limitation of diatom growth. The interannual variability of production of silicon and nitrogen predicted by the model is 1.93±0.04 mol Si m −2 yr −1 and 1.35±0.07 mol N m −2 yr −1 (±SD). In parallel, the predicted export is 1.12±0.04 mol Si m −2 yr −1 and 0.06±0.01 mol N m −2 yr −1. It is shown that diatoms may contribute significantly to export if diatom sinking is taken into account. An interannual variability of the predicted Si and N cycles is detected. This variability is associated with changes in the mixed layer properties, which have been documented to be linked to the Pacific El Niño Southern Oscillation or displacement of the Polar Front.