Abstract
Some applications are constrained only to implement low cost receivers. In this case, designers are required to use less complex and non-expensive modulation techniques. Differential Quadrature Phase Shift Keying (DQPSK) and Gaussian Frequency Shift Keying (GFSK) can be non-coherently demodulated with simple algorithms. However, these types of demodulation are not robust and suffer from poor performance. This paper proposes a new method to enhance the performance of DQPSK and GFSK using Interactive Kalman Filtering (IKF) technique, in which a one Unscented Kalman Filter (UKF) and two Kalman Filters (KF) are coupled to optimize the demodulated signals. This method consists of simple but very effective algorithms without adding complexity to the demodulators comparing to other very complex methods. UKF is used in this method due to its superiority in approximating and estimating nonlinear systems and its ability to handle non-Gaussian noise environments. The proposed method has been validated by creating a MATLAB/SIMULINK Bluetooth system model, in which the IKF is integrated into the receiver, which implement both DQPSK and GFSK, and run simulation in Gaussian and Non-Gaussian noise environments. Results have shown the effectiveness of this method in optimizing the received signals, and that the UKF outperforms the Extended Kalman Filter (EKF).
Highlights
Receivers with noncoherent demodulation have simple structures, but they don’t have robust performance [1,2,3]
This paper proposes a new method to enhance the performance of Differential Quadrature Phase Shift Keying (DQPSK) and Gaussian Frequency Shift Keying (GFSK) using Interactive Kalman Filtering (IKF) technique, in which a one Unscented Kalman Filter (UKF) and two Kalman Filters (KF) are coupled to optimize the demodulated signals
The proposed method has been validated by creating a MATLAB/SIMULINK Bluetooth system model, in which the IKF is integrated into the receiver, which implement both DQPSK and GFSK, and run simulation in Gaussian and Non-Gaussian noise environments
Summary
Receivers with noncoherent demodulation have simple structures, but they don’t have robust performance [1,2,3]. In Bluetooth protocols [4], noncoherent detection of GFSK and variants of Differential Phase Shift Keying (DPSK) are specified due to their simplicity and low costs These non-optimal techniques are sufficient in low noisy channels, they may suffer performance degradations in very noisy environments. Schober presented a receiver design for a GFSK demodulator based on Laurent’s decomposition They developed a Non-coherent Decision Feedback Equalizer (NDFE) and showed that it achieved a robust performance comparing to other equalization methods. It will be shown that UKF has superior performance in approximating nonlinear systems, and in handling non-Gaussian noise than the already existed EKF methods This proposed method is an attractive one in the sense that it has simple algorithms so that not that much complexity is added to the receivers comparing to the optimum demodulation.
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