Interactions of Entomopathogenic Fungus with Entomophagous Insects in Agroecosystems

Abstract

The use of entomopathogenic biopesticides, either as spore suspensions or formulated solid products, can have several collateral effects in agroecosystems. Fungal entomopathogens are typically applied as inundative sprays and are expected to result in short-term pest control, not only against specific pests, but also against species that occupy the same habitat and related species, such as parasitoids, predators, and decomposers (nontarget organisms). This chapter looks into several important aspects to understand the interactions between these microorganisms, mainly entomopathogenic fungus and entomophagous insects in agroecosystems. These interactions have been demonstrated in laboratory studies and they have different negative effects on predators and parasitoids. These results may have been influenced by the research methods used and the characteristics of the entomopathogenic strain, among other factors. To date, there is very little information on the compatible use of endophytic fungal entomopathogens and other groups of natural enemies, particularly parasitoids, in integrated pest management (IPM). Augmentative biological control programs generally consider the interactions between entomophagous and entomopathogenic bioagents; however, little attention is given to interactions with the natural enemies that inhabit the agroecosystems.