Abstract
A thermodynamic treatment of surface interactions is given, which accounts both for the nonhomogeneous nature of the surface region and for the presence of a solvent or substrate in the surface containing adsorbed surfactants. The resulting equations for a mixed monolayer are very similar to those describing the osmotic equilibrium of a ternary solution. Accordingly, interactions in the monolayer can be assessed from the solvent's interfacial activity coefficient, which is a parameter in the surface equation of state. The theory is applied in predicting mean molar area as a function of surface composition, at constant surface pressure. Numerical values of the parameters depend on the surface definition employed. Only for a certain choice of dividing surface does the present interaction criterion coincide with a commonly used criterion based upon the Gibbs convention.
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