Abstract
Partner interactions and parental activities in pair-bonded male and female steppe lemmings (L. lagurus) were estimated under laboratory conditions. Interactions between adults in family pairs were found to be neutral or peaceful with rare agonistic contacts. Compared to other rodent species living in family groups, the frequency and duration of partner grooming in adults were found to be low, indicating relatively weak pair bonding in steppe lemmings. At the same time, males spend much more time with pups in the nest than females, but they are inferior to the latter in grooming (licking) and nest material delivery. Parental behavior of L. lagurus is discussed in comparison with that of other species of the subfamily Microtinae.
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