Abstract
BackgroundAerobic rice fields are frequently infested by pathogenic oomycetes (Pythium spp.) and the rice root-knot nematode Meloidogyne graminicola. Here, the interaction between Pythium arrhenomanes and Meloidogyne graminicola was studied in rice roots of two aerobic rice varieties. In different experimental set-ups and infection regimes, plant growth, rice yield, Pythium colonization, as well as establishment, development and reproduction of M. graminicola were studied.ResultsIn this study, it is shown that the presence of P. arrhenomanes delays the establishment, development and reproduction of M. graminicola compared to single nematode infected plants. The delay in establishment and development of M. graminicola becomes stronger with higher P. arrhenomanes infection pressure.ConclusionsOur data indicate that P. arrhenomanes antagonizes M. graminicola in the rice root and that the plant benefits from this antagonism as shown by the yield data, especially when either of the pathogens is present in high levels.Electronic supplementary materialThe online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s12284-016-0108-3) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
Highlights
Aerobic rice fields are frequently infested by pathogenic oomycetes (Pythium spp.) and the rice rootknot nematode Meloidogyne graminicola
At 17 days after germination (DAG), P. arrhenomanes infected plants were significantly (p = 0.003) smaller compared to the single M. graminicola infected plants
The grain weight of the plants infected only with P. arrhenomanes was similar to the grain weight of the control plants (Additional file 1: Fig. S1B), while plants infected with M. graminicola alone had a 47 % lower grain weight (p = 0.05) compared to the control plants
Summary
Aerobic rice fields are frequently infested by pathogenic oomycetes (Pythium spp.) and the rice rootknot nematode Meloidogyne graminicola. The interaction between Pythium arrhenomanes and Meloidogyne graminicola was studied in rice roots of two aerobic rice varieties. In different experimental set-ups and infection regimes, plant growth, rice yield, Pythium colonization, as well as establishment, development and reproduction of M. graminicola were studied. Asian rice (Oryza sativa L.) is traditionally cultivated in paddy fields where the plants are grown anaerobically in a layer of water. This cultivation system uses a large quantity of the available water in rice-producing countries, especially in Asia (Peng et al 2006).
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