Abstract
This article analyzes the interactions between stress and the responses to drugs of abuse. In particular, it focuses on intravenous drug self-administration, one of the principal experimental models of drug abuse. Much of our information on the interaction between stress and drugs of abuse is based on experimental studies and in particular from research in rats. Although several authors have proposed that stress is related positively to abuse of both opioid and psychostimulant drugs, a firm causal link between stress and drug abuse cannot be established on the basis of studies in humans.
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