Interactions between species change the uptake of ammonium and nitrate in Abies faxoniana and Picea asperata.

Abstract

Plant nitrogen (N) uptake is affected by plant-plant interactions, but the mechanisms remain unknown. A 15N-labeled technique was used in a pot experiment to analyze the uptake rate of ammonium (NH4+) and nitrate (NO3-) by Abies faxoniana Rehd. et Wils and Picea asperata Mast. in single-plant mode, intraspecific and interspecific interactions. The results indicated that the effects of plant-plant interactions on N uptake rate depended on plant species and N forms. Picea asperata had a higher N uptake rate of both N forms than A. faxoniana, and both species preferred NO3-. Compared with single-plant mode, intraspecific interaction increased NH4+ uptake for A. faxoniana but reduced that for P. asperata, while it did not change NO3- uptake for the two species. The interspecific interaction enhanced N uptake of both N forms for A. faxoniana but did not affect the P. asperata compared with single-plant mode. NH4+ and NO3- uptake rates for the two species were regulated by root N concentration, root nitrate reductase activity, root vigor, soil pH and soil N availability under plant-plant interactions. Decreased NH4+ uptake rate for P. asperata under intraspecific interaction was induced by lower root N concentration and nitrate reductase activity. The positive effects of interspecific interaction on N uptake for A. faxoniana could be determined mainly by positive rhizosphere effects, such as high soil pH. From the perspective of root-soil interactions, our study provides insight into how plant-plant interactions affect N uptake, which can help to understand species coexistence and biodiversity maintenance in forest ecosystems.