Abstract
Phosphorus (P), zinc (Zn), and iron (Fe) are three essential elements for plant survival, and severe deficiencies in these nutrients lead to growth retardation and crop yield reduction. This review synthesizes recent progress on how plants coordinate the acquisition and signaling of Pi, Zn, and Fe from surrounding environments and which genes are involved in these Pi–Zn–Fe interactions with the aim of better understanding of the cross-talk between these macronutrient and micronutrient homeostasis in plants. In addition, identification of genes important for interactions between Pi, Zn, and/or Fe transport and signaling is a useful target for breeders for improvement in plant nutrient acquisition. Furthermore, to understand these processes in arbuscular mycorrhizal plants, the preliminary examination of interactions between Pi, Zn, and Fe homeostasis in some relevant crop species has been performed at the physiological level and is summarized in this article. In conclusion, the development of integrative study of cross-talks between Pi, Zn, and Fe signaling pathway in mycorrhizal plants will be essential for sustainable agriculture all around the world.
Highlights
Inorganic phosphate (Pi), zinc (Zn), and iron (Fe) are three essential macronutrient and micronutrients for the survival and development of all living organisms including mycorrhizal plants and edible crops (Westheimer, 1987; Briat et al, 1995; Marschner, 1995; Salgueiro et al, 2000)
Several reports have proposed that PHOSPHATE STARVATION RESPONSE 1 (PHR1), PHO1 and PHO1;H3 are coordinatively involved in the homeostasis between Pi and Zn in Arabidopsis (Bouain et al, 2014b; Khan et al, 2014; Kisko et al, 2015), reinforcing the interaction between Pi and Zn signaling at the molecular level (Figure 3)
For Zn and Fe cross-talk, transcriptomic analysis indicates that many Zn uptake- and homeostasis-related genes are up-regulated in Fe-deficient soybean root and leaf (Moran et al, 2014), including those encoding six members of the ZIP gene family, IRT1, the NAS2, and NRAMP3
Summary
Inorganic phosphate (Pi), zinc (Zn), and iron (Fe) are three essential macronutrient and micronutrients for the survival and development of all living organisms including mycorrhizal plants and edible crops (Westheimer, 1987; Briat et al, 1995; Marschner, 1995; Salgueiro et al, 2000). In rice, OsSPX1 and OsSPX2 inhibit Pi deficiency response through interaction with OsPHR2 in a Pi-dependent manner (Wang et al, 2014a), involvement of SPX proteins in the Pi sensing, and signaling mechanisms in plants (Figure 2B).
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