Interactions between C-reactive protein genotypes with markers of nutritional status in relation to inflammation.

Cornelie Nienaber-Rousseau,Karin Conradie,Robin Dolman,Bianca Swanepoel,Marlien Pieters,G Towers

doi:10.3390/nu6115034

Cornelie Nienaber-Rousseau, Karin Conradie + Show 4 more

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https://doi.org/10.3390/nu6115034

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Journal: Nutrients	Publication Date: Nov 11, 2014
Citations: 58	License type: CC BY 4.0

Affiliation: North-West University

Abstract

Inflammation, as indicated by C-reactive protein concentrations (CRP), is a risk factor for chronic diseases. Both genetic and environmental factors affect susceptibility to inflammation. As dietary interventions can influence inflammatory status, we hypothesized that dietary effects could be influenced by interactions with single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in the CRP gene. We determined 12 CRP SNPs, as well as various nutrition status markers in 2010 black South Africans and analyzed their effect on CRP. Interactions were observed for several genotypes with obesity in determining CRP. Lipid intake modulated the pro-inflammatory effects of some SNPs, i.e., an increase in both saturated fatty acid and monounsaturated fatty acid intake in those homozygous for the polymorphic allele at rs2808630 was associated with a larger increase in CRP. Those harboring the minor alleles at rs3093058 and rs3093062 presented with significantly higher CRP in the presence of increased triglyceride or cholesterol intake. When harboring the minor allele of these SNPs, a high omega-6 to -3 ratio was, however, found to be anti-inflammatory. Carbohydrate intake also modulated CRP SNPs, as HbA1C and fasting glucose levels interacted with some SNPs to influence the CRP. This investigation highlights the impact that nutritional status can have on reducing the inherent genetic susceptibility to a heightened systemic inflammatory state.

Highlights

Circulating C-reactive protein (CRP) is an important non-specific, systemic inflammatory biomarker that represents the action of numerous activated cytokines
Spearman correlations revealed that age, anthropometric markers, lipid profile variables, hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c) and physical activity (PA) levels correlated significantly (p < 0.05)
In addition to changing baseline CRP concentrations individually, the effects of the CRP genetic variations were modulated by anthropometric markers such as body mass index (BMI), upper-arm and waist circumference), biochemical markers such as triglycerides, HbA1c, and fasting glucose, and dietary intake, i.e., monounsaturated fatty acids (MUFA)-to-saturated fatty acids (SFA), omega-6 to -3 ratio, and cholesterol in relation to the inflammation phenotype

Summary

Introduction

Circulating C-reactive protein (CRP) is an important non-specific, systemic inflammatory biomarker that represents the action of numerous activated cytokines. Strong anti-inflammatory dietary influences have been determined for foods with a decreased glycemic index (GI) and load, as well as in individuals with an increased intake of fiber, magnesium, vitamin E (alpha-tocopherol), carotenoids and flavonoids [11,12,13]. The traditional Mediterranean dietary pattern, which is characterized by a high ratio of monounsaturated fatty acids (MUFA) to saturated fatty acids (SFA), a high omega-3 to -6 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) ratio and high intakes of fruit, vegetables, legumes and grains, has been determined to decrease inflammation [12,13,14]. Increased intake of SFA, total fatty acids and high-GI carbohydrates, as well as a high omega-6 to -3 ratio, on the other hand, is associated with a pro-inflammatory state [11,12,13]

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