Abstract
In this paper, we present a complete framework, both technical and conceptual, aimed at developing and analysing Networked Music Systems. After a short description of our technical framework called soundworks, a JavaScript library especially designed for collective music interaction using web browser of mobile phones, we introduce a new conceptual framework, we named interaction topologies, that aims at providing a generic tool for the description of interaction in such systems. Our proposition differs from the theoretical approaches generally proposed in the literature by decoupling the description of interaction topologies from the low level technical implementation of the network. We then report on a set of scenarios and prototypes, illustrating and assessing our framework, which were successfully deployed in several public installations and performances. We particularly show that our concept of interaction topologies succeeds at describing and analysing global aspects of interaction from multiple point of views (e.g., social, human-computer) by allowing for composing simple abstract figures. We finally introduce a discussion on agencies and perception of users engaged in such systems that could later complete our framework to conceive and analyse Networked Music Systems.
Highlights
The use of computer networks in music performances has a long history
We report on a set of Situated Networked Music Systems, implemented with our technical framework, that illustrate the use of the interaction topologies we propose
The interaction topologies we proposed offer one point of view we found useful for describing global view of interaction between the different elements of the systems, both human and technical
Summary
The use of computer networks in music performances has a long history. The League of Automatic Composers in 1978 can be cited among the first ones, at least as one documented in the literature [1]. According to the taxonomies proposed by Barbosa and Weinberg, every application we will describe here can be categorized as Local Musical Networks, Collective Creation Systems [5], or Real-Time Local Networks [6] We implemented these concepts using mobile technologies (typically smartphone and tablet), relying on web standards—such as the relatively recent Web Audio API (https://www.w3.org/TR/webaudio/ accessed 29 November 2018)—and Wi-Fi network capabilities. We will introduce a conceptual framework dedicated to the description of such network systems, we call interaction topologies This is in contrast to a technological point of view often reported in the literature that is solely based on low-level information network. We report on a set of Situated Networked Music Systems, implemented with our technical framework, that illustrate the use of the interaction topologies we propose. We introduce a discussion on perception and agencies that could offer a complementary perspective, centered on users, to the proposed conceptual framework
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