Abstract
Interfacial interaction amongst the antidepressant drug-imipramine hydrochloride (IMP) and pharmaceutical excipient (triton X-100 (TX-100-nonionic surfactant)) mixed system of five various ratios in dissimilar media (H2O/50 mmol·kg−1 NaCl/250 mmol·kg−1 urea) was investigated through the surface tension method. In addition, in the aqueous solution, the 1H-NMR, as well as FT-IR studies of the studied pure and mixed system were also explored and deliberated thoroughly. In NaCl media, properties of pure/mixed interfacial surfaces enhanced as compared with the aqueous system, and consequently the synergism/attractive interaction among constituents (IMP and TX-100) grew, whereas in urea (U) media a reverse effect was detected. Surface excess concentration (Γmax), composition of surfactant at mixed monolayer (), activity coefficient (f1σ (TX-100) and f2σ (IMP)), etc. were determined and discussed thoroughly. At mixed interfacial surfaces interaction, parameter (βσ) reveals the attractive/synergism among the components. The Gibbs energy of adsorption ( value attained was negative throughout all employed media viewing the spontaneity of the adsorption process. The 1H NMR spectroscopy was also employed to examine the molecular interaction of IMP and TX-100 in an aqueous system. FT-IR method as well illustrated the interaction amongst the component. The findings of the current study proposed that TX-100 surfactant could act as an efficient drug delivery vehicle for an antidepressant drug. Gels can be used as drug dosage forms due to recent improvements in the design of surfactant systems. Release mechanism of drugs from surfactant/polymer gels is dependent upon the microstructures of the gels and the state of the drugs within the system.
Highlights
IntroductionGels are used for various applications based on their drug-loading properties, rheological properties, and release mechanisms
The findings of the current study proposed that Triton X-100 (TX-100) surfactant could act as an efficient drug delivery vehicle for an antidepressant drug
1H NMR, FT-IR, and tensiometric studies were performed to explore the interaction of a TX-100 surfactant with the cationic drug imipramine hydrochloride (IMP)
Summary
Gels are used for various applications based on their drug-loading properties, rheological properties, and release mechanisms. Drugs can either be soluble in water with no interaction through any of the constituents, electrostatically/hydrophobically tied with polymer, or soluble within micelles and polymer/surfactant associates. Surfactant micelles revealed a considerable role in the solubilization of several hydrophobic materials including drugs [3,7]. As compared with singular surfactant micelle formation, the mixed surfactants have substantial considerable properties in a variety of features [3]. A mixed surfactants system (ionic amphiphile with other ionic or nonionic amphiphiles) has smaller surface energy, higher solubilization capability, and smaller cmc along with higher surface activities as compared to the singular surfactants because of the attractive interaction/synergetic influence [3,8]. Yin et al [9] have made significant progress in eliminating major hurdles to using extracellular vesicles for delivery and as markers. Osteoarthritis therapeutics can be delivered effectively via extracellular vesicles because of their size, surface expression patterns, low immunogenicity, and low cytotoxicity
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