Abstract
Formaldehyde (FA) is an extremely active compound that is widely used in numerous applications. Given that FA is a known carcinogen, it is essential to remove it from the environment. Titanium dioxide (TiO2), due to its special physicochemical properties, is a promising adsorbent for the removal of specific organic compounds from aqueous solutions. In this study, the interaction of TiO2 with FA in the presence and absence of quartz sand, the most common mineral on the Earth’s surface, was investigated under static and dynamic (batch) conditions, at 25 °C. The experimental data suggested that the sorption of FA onto TiO2 can be described adequately by a pseudo-second order kinetic model, indicating that the main sorption mechanism was chemisorption. It was observed that the combination of TiO2 and quartz sand could1 lead up to effective removal of FA from aqueous samples.
Highlights
Introduction in the Presence of QuartzSand underWater supplies are increasingly polluted due to human activities, as the Earth’s population grows [1]
The experimental data collected from each FA sorption experiment conducted in this study, at various conditions, were used to evaluate the corresponding percentage of FA removal, PFA (%), at equilibrium
The PFA values were higher in the presence of both TiO2 nanoparticles and quartz sand (PFA > 80%), than only TiO2 nanoparticles (PFA ~40%), for both static and dynamic conditions
Summary
Introduction in the Presence of QuartzSand underWater supplies are increasingly polluted due to human activities, as the Earth’s population grows [1]. Industrial, municipal and domestic waste is often discharged into water canals, rivers, streams and lakes [2]. This waste causes toxic chemical and bacterial contamination, which is responsible for several water-borne diseases. Among the most frequently occurring toxic organic substances in water is formaldehyde (FA), because of its extensive use in numerous applications by various industries including: textile, furniture, aquaculture, agriculture, tannery, petrochemical, and cosmetics [3,4,5,6,7]. The presence of FA in the water, may cause adverse effects to human health (cancer, cardiovascular disease, neurological disease, miscarriage etc.), the environment and the ecosystem.
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