Abstract
Phosphodiesterase-6 (PDE6) is key to both phototransduction and health of rods and cones. Proper folding of PDE6 relies on the chaperone activity of aryl hydrocarbon receptor-interacting protein-like 1 (AIPL1), and mutations in both PDE6 and AIPL1 can cause a severe form of blindness. Although AIPL1 and PDE6 are known to interact via the FK506-binding protein domain of AIPL1, the contribution of the tetratricopeptide repeat (TPR) domain of AIPL1 to its chaperone function is poorly understood. Here, we demonstrate that AIPL1-TPR interacts specifically with the regulatory Pγ subunit of PDE6. Use of NMR chemical shift perturbation (CSP) mapping technique revealed the interface between the C-terminal portion of Pγ and AIPL1-TPR. Our solution of the crystal structure of the AIPL1-TPR domain provided additional information, which together with the CSP data enabled us to generate a model of this interface. Biochemical analysis of chimeric AIPL1-AIP proteins supported this model and also revealed a correlation between the affinity of AIPL1-TPR for Pγ and the ability of Pγ to potentiate the chaperone activity of AIPL1. Based on these results, we present a model of the larger AIPL1-PDE6 complex. This supports the importance of simultaneous interactions of AIPL1-FK506-binding protein with the prenyl moieties of PDE6 and AIPL1-TPR with the Pγ subunit during the folding and/or assembly of PDE6. This study sheds new light on the versatility of TPR domains in protein folding by describing a novel TPR-protein binding partner, Pγ, and revealing that this subunit imparts AIPL1 selectivity for its client.
Highlights
Phosphodiesterase-6 (PDE6) is key to both phototransduction and health of rods and cones
We demonstrated that aryl hydrocarbon receptor– interacting protein–like 1 (AIPL1) interacts with P␥, and P␥ acts as a potent co-chaperone of AIPL1 in folding/assembly of PDE6 [12, 24]
The P␥ subunit of PDE6 is essential for the folding and/or assembly of the latter; in the absence of P␥, virtually no functional PDE6 is formed in mouse photoreceptors, and this leads to rapid retinal degeneration [39]
Summary
Phosphodiesterase-6 (PDE6) is key to both phototransduction and health of rods and cones. Biochemical analysis of chimeric AIPL1–AIP proteins supported this model and revealed a correlation between the affinity of AIPL1–TPR for P␥ and the ability of P␥ to potentiate the chaperone activity of AIPL1 Based on these results, we present a model of the larger AIPL1–PDE6 complex. We present a model of the larger AIPL1–PDE6 complex This supports the importance of simultaneous interactions of AIPL1–FK506 – binding protein with the prenyl moieties of PDE6 and AIPL1–TPR with the P␥ subunit during the folding and/or assembly of PDE6. A model of AIPL1 was generated based on the structures of the individual FKBP and TPR domains, the small-angle X-ray scattering (SAXS) profile of AIPL1(1–316), and molecular dynamics simulations This AIPL1–PDE6 model provides a framework for future structural studies of this critical chaperone– client complex
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