Interaction of Plastics in Mixed-Plastics Pyrolysis

Abstract

The pyrolysis of mixed-plastic waste has been proposed as a means of recycling to produce petrochemical feedstock. The interaction of the main plastic types in plastic mixtures is significant in predicting the likely yield and composition of products from different plastic mixtures. The six main plastics in municipal solid waste are high-density polyethylene (HDPE), low-density polyethylene (LDPE), polypropylene (PP), polystyrene (PS), poly(vinyl chloride) (PVC), and poly(ethylene terephthalate) (PET). Each of the plastics was pyrolyzed individually in a fixed-bed reactor heated at 25 °C min-1 to a final temperature of 700 °C. Polystyrene was then mixed with each of the other five plastics in a ratio of 1:1 and pyrolyzed in the fixed-bed reactor under the same pyrolysis conditions. The yield and composition of the derived oil/wax and gases was determined. The main gases produced from the individual plastics were hydrogen, methane, ethane, ethene, propane, propene, butane, and butene and for the PET plastic carbon dioxide and carbon monoxide. Hydrogen chloride was also produced with PVC. Analysis of the oil/wax showed that the polyalkene plastics, HDPE, LDPE, and PP, gave a mainly aliphatic composition consisting of a series of alkanes, alkenes, and alkadienes. PVC gave a mainly aromatic oil, and PS and PET, which have aromatic groups in their structures, also showed a more aromatic composition. There was a higher gas yield from the mixtures of the plastics with PS than would be expected from the pyrolysis of the individual plastics, coupled with a reduction in the oil/wax phase. The average molecular weight of the oil/wax from the mixed plastics was less than expected from the individual molecular weights. Compositional analysis of the oil/wax showed that changes in the concentration of aromatic hydrocarbons and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons were produced with the mixture compared to that expected from the individual plastics.