Abstract
This chapter offers material from ecology for an interdisciplinary social-ecological theory of nature and society. The bridging concepts and frameworks of social and ecological vulnerability, resilience, and sustainability gain importance in ecological research. Dynamics of coupled social and ecological systems and the flows of matter, energy, and information between social and ecological systems are analysed in biological and ecological theories. These include the themes of living systems’ reproduction, societal metabolism, planetary boundaries of resource use, ecosystem functions and services, global environmental change, natural resource flows, and coupling of social and ecosystems. In conclusion, an interdisciplinary theory requires a more systematic integration of empirical and theoretical research to develop interdisciplinary knowledge synthesis and communication.
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