Abstract
Starting from the electric field response of an axial dipole source, we derive a formula for the mutual impedance between collinear current and potential electrodes in a borehole. We define appropriate limiting cases to describe the induced polarization (IP) effects and the electromagnetic (EM) effects. Using a Cole-Cole form to model the polarization of the formation, we illustrate the interaction of IP and EM effects. Finally, when the interaction is small, we give a justification for the approximate “removal” of the EM coupling by subtracting the pure EM response from the total response. However, in general, the IP and EM effects are inextricably intertwined.
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