Abstract

The von Hippel-Lindau tumor suppressor (pVHL) targets hydroxylated alpha-subunits of hypoxia-inducible factor (HIF) for ubiquitin-mediated proteasomal destruction through direct interaction with the hydroxyproline binding pocket in its beta-domain. Although disruption of this process may contribute to VHL-associated tumor predisposition by up-regulation of HIF target genes, genetic and biochemical analyses support the existence of additional functions, including a role in the assembly of extracellular matrix. In an attempt to delineate these pathways, we searched for novel pVHL-binding proteins. Here we report a direct, hydroxylation-dependent interaction with alpha-chains of collagen IV. Interaction with pVHL was also observed with fibrillar collagen chains, but not the folded collagen triple helix. The interaction was suppressed by a wide range of tumor-associated mutations, including those that do not disturb the regulation of HIF, supporting a role in HIF-independent tumor suppressor functions.

Highlights

  • PVHL was observed with fibrillar collagen chains, but not the folded collagen triple helix

  • cell renal carcinomas (CCRC) cell line expressing VHLHA (RCC4-VHLHA), several co-immunoprecipitating species were identified by MS/MS

  • A similar pVHL binding species has previously been visualized by 35S labeling in RCC4 and 786-O cells [9, 10, 19, 21] and, in 786-O cells, assigned as fibronectin [12]

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Summary

Cell extracts were prepared in Igepal

⬃220-kDa protein identified as ␣1- and ␣2-chains of collagen IV has an asterisk. Nonspecific bands are marked CA630 with “Complete” Protease ns. C, autoradiograph of 35S-labeled inhibitor (Roche) and 25 ␮M proteins resolved by 8 –16% gradient SDS-PAGE. Lanes 7–12 display proteins re-immunoprecipitated by the indicated “Input” 8 ␮g of cell extract was used, antibodies after HA peptide elution of anti-HA IP (lanes 4 and 5). Immunoprecipitates were washed five times with Igetumor-associated mutations in a manner that is concordant pal buffer and either analyzed directly or subjected to glycine elution and trichloroacetic acid precipitation Plasmids, Transfections, and 35S Labeling—HA-tagged at 95 °C), and SDS-PAGE. For HIF-1␣, V5 (PK tag), collagen wild type or mutant pVHL plasmids, empty vector (pcDNA3), I, and collagen IV immunoblotting, samples were first and the stably transfected RCC4 sublines have been described resolved by 7.5% SDS-PAGE. Human embryonic kidney 293T cells were grown under tubulin immunoblotting 15% SDS-PAGE was used. MS/MS spectra were matched to the SwissProt data base using the Mascot algorithm (Matrix Science)

RESULTS
Collagen IV Binding Correlates with pVHL Tumor Suppressor
DISCUSSION
In the MS analysis we identified peptides representing the

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