Abstract
This study was conducted to investigate the effect of the ergot alkaloid, ergotamine (ET), on the induction of CYP3A and the interaction in vivo and in vitro with ET. Sprague-Dawley rats were treated intraperitoneally for 4 days as follows: control (injecting with 0.5 ml of only corn oil); dexamethasone treatment (injecting with 100mg/kg of dexamethasone in corn oil); and ergotamine treatment (injecting with 100mg/kg of ergotamine in corn oil). Liver tissues were collected from each group (n = 5, total of 30 rats) and liver microsomes were prepared. Cytochrome CYP3A activity was evaluated using ET and its isomer as substrates in medium containing liver microsomes and NADPH at 37℃ for 30 min. HPLC was used to measure the disappearance of the substrate and the appearance of the metabolites. Liver microsomes from rats pretreated with dexamethasone were five times more (P 0.05) in activity of CYP3A when compared to the control group (5.2 vs. 7.0 nM ET/min/mg protein; SE = 4.83) or ET isomer (1.5 vs. 4.7 nM ET isomer/ min/mg protein; SE = 1.70). When ketoconazole was used as specific inhibitor of CYP3A, ergotamine metabolisms were inhibited in a dose dependent fashion reaching a maximum at an inhibitor to substrate ratio of greater than one and LD50 at 0.5 nM of ketoconazole/mg protein. The data presented in this study suggest that although the ergot alkaloids ergotamine and its isomer are ideal substrates for the isozyme CYP3A, these compounds have no effect on the induction of CYP3A after 4 days of treatment.
Highlights
Cytochrome P450 (CYP) enzyme systems play a key role in the biotransformation of many endogenous and exogenous compounds including both toxins and drugs [1,2,3,4]
Witkamp et al [9] reported that tiamulin, a semi-synthetic antibiotic frequently used in agricultural animals, strongly inhibited the hydroxylation rate of testosterone at the 6 beta-position via the formation of a cytochrome P450 3A4 metabolic intermediate complex in both microsomes and hepatocytes
Dexamethasone induced CYP3A activity in rats to a significant (P < 0.01) level only after the third and the fourth days of treatments. These results indicate that the mechanism of DXM induction of rat liver microsomal CYP3A was time dependent, and it took at least three to four successive days of treatments to reach the maximum level of activity
Summary
Cytochrome P450 (CYP) enzyme systems play a key role in the biotransformation of many endogenous and exogenous compounds including both toxins and drugs [1,2,3,4]. This report was designed to study the effects of administering ET in vivo on the induction of CYP3A family using dexamethasone as a specific CYP3A inducer for similarity and to evaluate the in vitro interaction of ET with CYP3A using ketoconazole as specific inhibitor.
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