Abstract
Wind and solar PV have become the lowest-cost alternatives for power generation in many countries and are expected to dominate the renewable power supply in many regions of the world. The temporal volatility in power production from these sources leads to new challenges for a stable and secure power supply system. Possible technologies to improve the integration of wind and solar PV are electrical energy storage and the flexible power provision by bioenergy. A third option is the system-friendly layout of wind and solar PV systems and the optimized mix of wind and solar PV capacities. To assess these different options at hand, a case study was conducted covering various scenarios for a regional power supply based on a high share of wind and solar PV. State-of-the-art concepts for all the stated technologies are modelled and a numerical optimization approach is applied on temporally-resolved time series data to identify the potential role of each option and their respective interactions. Power storage was found to be most relevant in solar dominated systems, due to the diurnal generation pattern, whereas bioenergy is more suitably combined with high wind power shares due to the less regular generation pattern. System-friendly wind and solar power can reduce the need for generation capacity and flexible options by fitting generation and demand patterns better.
Highlights
In order to reduce the climate impact of power generation, Germany, along with many other countries, strives for an energy system dominated by renewable generation options [1]
Connecting power grids with higher capacity transmission grids [3,4] increases the spatial spread of wind and solar power generation, and thereby geographic temporal generation and demand fluctuations may be alleviated to some extent, while increasing the utilization of untapped solar and wind resources
The smoothing effect of system-friendly wind and solar PV plants reduces the block-like occurrence of the negative residual load which was found to be typical for the wind-dominated region
Summary
In order to reduce the climate impact of power generation, Germany, along with many other countries, strives for an energy system dominated by renewable generation options [1]. In Germany, the promising scalable options at hand—wind and solar power—are variable renewable energy sources (vRES), which lead to new challenges to match power demand and supply. The supply from vRES depends on the local availability of the solar irradiation and the kinetic energy of air at the locality. Connecting power grids with higher capacity transmission grids [3,4] increases the spatial spread of wind and solar power generation, and thereby geographic temporal generation and demand fluctuations may be alleviated to some extent, while increasing the utilization of untapped solar and wind resources. To some extent, be adapted to the fluctuating supply from vRES through so called demand side management (DSM) [5]
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