Interaction of Dietary Linoleic Acid and α-Linolenic Acids with rs174547 in FADS1 Gene on Metabolic Syndrome Components among Vegetarians.

Yuan Kei Ching,Lay Kek Teh,Yoke Mun Chan,Geik Yong Ang,Vasudevan Ramanchadran,Wan Ying Gan,Mohd Zaki Salleh,Choo Yee Yu,Yit Siew Chin,Mahenderan Appukutty

doi:10.3390/nu11071686

Yuan Kei Ching, Lay Kek Teh + Show 8 more

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https://doi.org/10.3390/nu11071686

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Journal: Nutrients	Publication Date: Jul 23, 2019
Citations: 17	License type: CC BY 4.0

Affiliation: Universiti Teknologi MARA, Universiti Putra Malaysia

Abstract

Fatty acid desaturase 1 (FADS1) gene controls the fatty acid metabolism pathway in the human body. The lower intake of α-linolenic acid (ALA) than linoleic acid (LA) among vegetarians may disrupt the fatty acid metabolism and limit the conversion of ALA to anti-inflammatory products such as eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA). This cross-sectional study aimed to determine the interaction of rs174547 in FADS1 gene with LA and ALA on metabolic syndrome (MetS) components. A total of 200 Chinese and Indian vegetarians in Kuala Lumpur and Selangor, Malaysia participated in the present study. The data on socio-demographic characteristics, vegetarianism practices, dietary practices, anthropometric measurements, blood pressure (BP), and overnight venous fasting blood samples were collected from the vegetarians. The rs174547 in FADS1 gene was significantly associated with MetS and its components such as waist circumference (WC) and fasting blood glucose (FBG). Multiple logistic regression analyses revealed that vegetarians with TT genotype of rs174547 in FADS1 gene had higher odds for MetS, larger WC, higher BP, and a lower level of HDL-c. Two-way ANOVA analysis showed that LA interacts with rs174547 in FADS1 gene to affect HDL-c (p < 0.05) among vegetarians. The present findings suggest the need to develop dietary guidelines for vegetarians in Malaysia. Prospective studies are also needed to affirm the interaction between LA and rs174547 in FADS1 gene on HDL-c among Malaysian vegetarians.

Highlights

Metabolic syndrome (MetS) is a cluster of risk factors that is associated with the development of cardiovascular disease (CVD) and type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) [1]
(≤5.86 g/day), middle (5.87–8.19 g/day), and highest (≥8.20 g/day)], the present study found that vegetarians with the TT genotype of rs174547 in Fatty acid desaturase 1 (FADS1) gene had larger waist circumference (WC) in all linoleic acid (LA) intake groups while a higher fasting blood glucose (FBG) level and lower high density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-c) level were found among vegetarians with middle LA
In terms of ALA, the present study found that vegetarians with the TT genotype of rs174547 in FADS1 gene had larger WC in all ALA intake groups (p < 0.05), and a lower HDL-c level in middle ALA intake group, after classifying the vegetarians according to the tertile of ALA intake [lowest (≤0.45 g/day), middle

Summary

Introduction

Metabolic syndrome (MetS) is a cluster of risk factors that is associated with the development of cardiovascular disease (CVD) and type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) [1]. Several studies have reported that vegetarians are associated with a lower risk of MetS as compared to non-vegetarians [8,9,10]. The protective effects of a vegetarian diet towards MetS may be associated with the high fibre, low macronutrients and low cholesterol intakes in vegetarians as compared to non-vegetarians [13,14,15]. While most studies reported a lower risk of MetS among vegetarians than non-vegetarians, MetS still occurs among the vegetarian population [8,9,10]. FADS gene of these population who have adhered to a strict plant-based diet for many generations would have changed, and put them at increased risk of heart disease and colon cancer [16]

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