Abstract
Cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) is an inducible enzyme stimulated by various inflammatory factors (IFs). Chronic gastritis is a classic model of “inflammation-cancer transformation” and Helicobacter pylori-related gastric diseases (HPGD) are specific ones of this model. Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM) syndromes could play a predictive role in gastric histopathological evolution. To search for early warning evidence about “inflammation-cancer transformation,” this study is about to explore interaction of COX-2 with Helicobacter pylori (Hp) in HPGD with different TCM syndromes. All included subjects underwent endoscopy and biopsy. Hp infection was detected by rapid urease test and methylene blue staining. Histopathological characteristics and COX-2 expression in gastric mucosa (GM) were, respectively, observed by hematoxylin-eosin and Elivision™ plus. SPSS 18.0 and Stata 11.0 statistical software packages were used for statistical analysis. Results of immunohistochemical staining in this study showed COX-2 expression in Hp-positive patients was stronger than that in Hp-negative ones. Spearman' analysis indicated that degrees of both Hp infection and COX-2 expression were positively correlated with those of gastric inflammation and inflammatory activity. Compared with the relative normal group, both severe dysplasia group and gastric carcinoma group had more severe Hp infection and COX-2 expression. Compared with the nonsyndrome, syndrome of internal block of static blood (IBSB) had higher scores in semiquantitative analysis of COX-2 protein expression among TCM groups. Moreover, multivariate logistics regression analysis suggested that patients with Hp infection could increase the risk of IBSB. These results indicated that COX-2 interacting with Hp could play an important role in transforming gastric chronic nonresolving inflammation into carcinoma in subjects with HPGD, as well as inducing the formation of IBSB. HPGD together with IBSB could be an early warning evidence for GM with histopathological evolution from benign to malignant.
Highlights
Gastric carcinoma (GC) is the second dominant factor of mortality connected with malignant tumor
chronic gastritis (CG) infected by Helicobacter pylori (Hp) is a triggering event of gastric mucosal lesions, which contains a sequence of developmental stages as follows: chronic nonatrophic gastritis (CNAG), chronic atrophic gastritis (CAG), CAG
Hp-related gastric diseases (HPGD) males outnumbered females, which may be associated with unhealthy living and dietary habits such as staying up, smoking, and excessive drinking. is result was consistent with the views that Kim et al [29,30,31] believed that different genders’ living and dietary habits were related to the onset of certain diseases
Summary
Gastric carcinoma (GC) is the second dominant factor of mortality connected with malignant tumor. Accumulated evidence over the past several decades showed that GC is the final worst result of chronic gastritis (CG) [1, 2]. Because a major pathogenic factor of CG is Hp, these illnesses are named as Hp-related gastric diseases (HPGD) in the medical field. E developmental stages are named as “inflammation-cancer transformation” model [6, 7]. Evidence-Based Complementary and Alternative Medicine accompanied by intestinal metaplasia (IM), accompanied by dysplasia (DYS), and even GC. This classical model has become a hot research topic in terms of nonresolving inflammation-related cancer [8, 9]
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