Abstract
One pillar of the predictive, preventive, and personalized medicine framework strategies is the female health. The evaluation of women's lifestyle and dietary habits in context with genetic and modifiable risk factors may reflect the prevention of cervical cancer before the occurrence of clinical symptoms and prediction of cervical lesion behavior. The main aim of this review is to analyze publications in the field of precision medicine that allow the use of research knowledge of cervical microbiome, epigenetic modifications, and inflammation in potential application in clinical practice. Personalized approach in evaluating patient's risk of future development of cervical abnormality should consider the biomarkers of the local microenvironment characterized by the microbial composition, epigenetic pattern of cervical epithelium, and presence of chronic inflammation. Novel sequencing techniques enable a more detailed characterization of actual state in cervical epithelium. Better understanding of all changes in multiomics level enables a better assessment of disease prognosis and selects the eligible targeted therapy in personalized medicine. Restoring of healthy vaginal microflora and reversing the outbreak of cervical abnormality can be also achieved by dietary habits as well as uptake of prebiotics, probiotics, synbiotics, microbial transplantation, and others.
Highlights
A female health is one medical area of the framework strategies in predictive, preventive, and personalized (3P) medicine
We highlighted the pivotal contribution of cervical microbiome, epigenetic changes, and inflammation to the formation of cervical intraepithelial lesion and progression to cervical cancer
In the modern precision medicine, a dilemma of whether changes in microbial composition in individual tissues lead to dysregulation of cancer promoting physiological functions, or whether an increase in proinflammatory condition in a specific tissue can modify the environment and promote the growth of some microbial strains over others, should be resolved and the answer could be subsequently applied in therapeutic bacterial or bacterial metabolites administration to exploit their unique and immunosuppressive properties in remodeling of tumor microenvironment (TME) and promote a beneficial local microbiome [170]
Summary
A female health is one medical area of the framework strategies in predictive, preventive, and personalized (3P) medicine. This innovative approach evaluates patient’s lifestyle and dietary habits in context with suboptimal health status and the risks strongly associated with the formation, treatment, and progression of cervical lesion to cancer. Cervical cancer is the fourth most common cancer in women; an estimated 570,000 new cases were diagnosed, and an estimated 311,000 women died of the disease in 2018. Cervical cancer is preventable and successfully treatable at early stages [3] that makes the disease as an ideal candidate applicable in the context of 3P medicine. Persistent, hrHPV infections are a major risk factor for subsequent cancer development [8,9]
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