Abstract
BackgroundCo-infection of endosymbionts in the same host is ubiquitous, and the interactions of the most common symbiont Wolbachia with other symbionts, including Spiroplasma, in invertebrate organisms have received increasing attention. However, the interactions between Wolbachia and Arsenophonus, another widely distributed symbiont in nature, are poorly understood. We tested the co-infection of Wolbachia and Arsenophonus in different populations of Nilaparvata lugens and investigated whether co-infection affected the population size of the symbionts in their host.ResultsA significant difference was observed in the co-infection incidence of Wolbachia and Arsenophonus among 5 populations of N. lugens from China, with nearly half of the individuals in the Zhenjiang population harbouring the two symbionts simultaneously, and the rate of occurrence was significantly higher than that of the other 4 populations. The Arsenophonus density in the superinfection line was significantly higher only in the Maanshan population compared with that of the single-infection line. Differences in the density of Wolbachia and Arsenophonus were found in all the tested double-infection lines, and the dominant symbiont species varied with the population only in the Nanjing population, with Arsenophonus the overall dominant symbiont.ConclusionsWolbachia and Arsenophonus could coexist in N. lugens, and the co-infection incidence varied with the geographic populations. Antagonistic interactions were not observed between Arsenophonus and Wolbachia, and the latter was the dominant symbiont in most populations.
Highlights
Co-infection of endosymbionts in the same host is ubiquitous, and the interactions of the most common symbiont Wolbachia with other symbionts, including Spiroplasma, in invertebrate organisms have received increasing attention
We investigated the co-infection of Wolbachia and Arsenophonus in different populations of N. lugens collected from 5 sites in China, and we established a single-infected line and a double-infected line
Co‐infection of Wolbachia and Arsenophonus varies with the population of Nilaparvata lugens The symbionts Wolbachia and Arsenophonus were detected in all the 5 populations of N. lugens from China (Fig. 1)
Summary
Co-infection of endosymbionts in the same host is ubiquitous, and the interactions of the most common symbiont Wolbachia with other symbionts, including Spiroplasma, in invertebrate organisms have received increasing attention. We tested the co-infection of Wolbachia and Arsenophonus in different populations of Nilaparvata lugens and investigated whether co-infection affected the population size of the symbionts in their host. Wolbachia has been known to coinfect and interact with various symbionts in the same host, and the superinfections vary with the species of symbionts and are affected by many other factors, including the species of insect host, environmental conditions, etc. Coinfection of Wolbachia and Cardinium was found in Encarsia inaron [39], and superinfection with combination of Wolbachia and Spiroplasma occurs in Drosophila melanogaster, whereas an asymmetrical interaction occurs between Wolbachia and Spiroplasma in which the population of Wolbachia organisms is negatively affected
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