Abstract
The interactions of 1-dodecyl-azacycloheptan-2-one (Azone®), a penetration enhancer, with mouse skin were analyzed by fluorescence microscopy, solid-state 13C-CP/MAS-NMR spectroscopy and Attenuated Total Reflectance Fourier-transform infrared (ATR–FT-IR) spectroscopy. Ferulic acid was employed as fluorescent probe to observe the delivery pathway in the stratum corneum (SC) after treatment with Azone®. Results suggested that the interaction between Azone® and the SC occurs in the lipid domains as well as the protein domains. FT-IR measurements show that treatment with Azone® results in significant shifts toward larger wavenumbers at v asCH2 and v sCH2, indicating an increased gauche conformational isomer content of lipid CH2. Further, a decrease of 13CT1 values and a shift of the SC protein amide-II band to a short wavenumber were found when the SC was pretreated with Azone®. It is concluded that Azone® can partially convert the SC protein from an α-helix conformation to a β-sheet conformation and loosen the aggregating SC keratins at room temperature.
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