Interaction Insight of Pullulan-Mediated Gamma-Irradiated Silver Nanoparticle Synthesis and Its Antibacterial Activity.

Mohd Shahrul Nizam Salleh,Kamyar Shameli,Roshafima Rasit Ali,Mohd Yusof Hamzah,Mohamed Mahmoud Nasef,Rafiziana Md Kasmani

doi:10.3390/polym13203578

Mohd Shahrul Nizam Salleh, Kamyar Shameli + Show 4 more

Open Access

https://doi.org/10.3390/polym13203578

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Abstract

The production of pure silver nanoparticles (Ag-NPs) with unique properties remains a challenge even today. In the present study, the synthesis of silver nanoparticles (Ag-NPs) from natural pullulan (PL) was carried out using a radiation-induced method. It is known that pullulan is regarded as a microbial polysaccharide, which renders it suitable to act as a reducing and stabilizing agent during the production of Ag-NPs. Pullulan-assisted synthesis under gamma irradiation was successfully developed to obtain Ag-NPs, which was characterized by UV-Vis, XRD, TEM, and Zeta potential analysis. Pullulan was used as a stabilizer and template for the growth of silver nanoparticles, while gamma radiation was modified to be selective to reduce silver ions. The formation of Ag-NPs was confirmed using UV–Vis spectra by showing a surface plasmon resonance (SPR) band in the region of 410–420 nm. As observed by TEM images, it can be said that by increasing the radiation dose, the particle size decreases, resulting in a mean diameter of Ag-NPs ranging from 40.97 to 3.98 nm. The XRD analysis confirmed that silver metal structures with a face-centered cubic (FCC) crystal were present, while TEM images showed a spherical shape with smooth edges. XRD also demonstrated that increasing the dose of gamma radiation increases the crystallinity at a high purity of Ag-NPs. As examined by zeta potential, the synthesized Ag-NP/PL was negatively charged with high stability. Ag-NP/PL was then analysed for antimicrobial activity against Staphylococcus aureus, and it was found that it had high antibacterial activity. It is found that the adoption of radiation doses results in a stable and green reduction process for silver nanoparticles.

Highlights

A multiphase material composed of at least one dimension below 100 nm is regarded as a nanomaterial
The solution of Ag2+ → (Ag)-NP/PL changed from a pale yellow to a dark brown solution after the gamma irradiation process was adopted
Stable Ag-NP/PL nanocomposites with an average size of 3.98 nm were prepared without any reducing agent

Summary

Introduction

A multiphase material composed of at least one dimension below 100 nm is regarded as a nanomaterial. Polymer/silver nanomaterials that combine the advantages of the metal particles and the polymer’s processability open a new gateway in developing new nanocomposite systems with improved performances [1]. Investigation of metallic nanoparticles is a continuing concern within other nanomaterials. They are considered to be very promising as they contain remarkable antibacterial properties due to their large surface area-to-volume ratio, which is of interest for researchers due to the growing microbial resistance against metal ions and antibiotics, and the development of resistant strains [2,3]. Silver, have a better property than that because of their bulk structure. Thanks to their flexible structure, their unique properties contribute

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