Abstract
The temporal and geographic variations in gene arrangement frequencies in natural populations of Drosophila reflect the operation of natural selection. Each gene arrangement shows a specific adaptive value while structural heterozygotes usually show an overall adaptive advantage. The physiological basis for these adaptive values has been measured in many general ways some of which include fertility, developmental rate, larval competition and pupal and adult viability (reviewed by daCunha, 1960). Drosophila melanica Sturtevant, subgenus Drosophila, is a member of the D. melanica species group and shows an extensive chromosomal polymorphism in three of its five chromosomes (Ward, 1952). Furthermore, seasonal fluctuations occur in the frequency of gene arrangements of the second and fourth chromosomes (Tonzetich and Ward, 1973). In the present study, the effects of temperature and humidity on pupal survival are measured for pupae homozygous and heterozygous for several gene arrangements in three chromosomes.
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