Interaction Effect of EDTA, Salinity, and Oxide Nanoparticles on Alga Chlamydomonas reinhardtii and Chlamydomonas euryale.

Emilie Canuel,William Gerson Matias,Cleiton Vaz,David Dewez

doi:10.3390/plants10102118

Abstract

The interaction effects of organic ligand ethylene diamine tetra-acetic acid (EDTA) and oxide nanoparticles (magnetite Fe3O4-NPs and copper CuO-NPs) were investigated during a 72 h period on two green algal species—Chlamydomonas reinhardtii under freshwater conditions and Chlamydomonas euryale under saltwater conditions. Fe3O4-NPs had larger agglomerates and very low solubility. CuO-NPs, having smaller agglomerates and higher solubility, were more toxic than Fe3O4-NPs in freshwater conditions for similar mass-based concentrations, especially at 72 h under 100 mg L−1. Furthermore, the effect of EDTA increased nanoparticle solubility, and the salinity caused a decrease in their solubility. Our results on C. euryale showed that the increase in salinity to 32 g L−1 caused the formation of larger nanoparticle agglomerates, leading to a decrease in the toxicity impact on algal cells. In addition, EDTA treatments induced a toxicity effect on both freshwater and saltwater Chlamydomonas species, by altering the nutrient uptake of algal cells. However, C. euryale was more resistant to EDTA toxicity than C. reinhardtii. Moreover, nanoparticle treatments caused a reduction in EDTA toxicity, especially for CuO-NPs. Therefore, the toxicity impact caused by these environmental factors should be considered in risk assessment for metallic nanoparticles.

Highlights

Published: 6 October 2021Nanomaterials are widely used in industries for many technological applications.Nanoparticles of magnetite (Fe3 O4 -NPs) are applied in magnetic resonance imaging and medical treatments, such as cancer [1] and in wastewater treatment [2,3,4]
The obtained results showed that the chemical properties of both NPs in modified high salt medium (HSM) changed related to the salinity level
The results on zeta potential indicated that the ionic strength of HSM induced a negative surface charge to both NPs, and the charge intensity was higher for CuO-NPs compared to Fe3 O4 -NPs (Figure 1)

Summary

Introduction

Published: 6 October 2021Nanomaterials are widely used in industries for many technological applications.Nanoparticles of magnetite (Fe3 O4 -NPs) are applied in magnetic resonance imaging and medical treatments, such as cancer [1] and in wastewater treatment [2,3,4]. Nanomaterials are widely used in industries for many technological applications. Nanoparticles of copper oxide (CuO-NPs) are in fabrics and electronic products, providing antimicrobial and thermal conductivity properties [5,6]. In the long-term, massive production of these nanomaterials may represent a risk of contamination for aquatic environments, from their manufacturing into consumer products to their utilization and degradation [7]. It was previously suggested that the toxicity mechanisms of metallic NPs were dependent on their physicochemical properties [8,9,10,11]. Several studies investigated the toxicity effects of Fe3 O4 -NPs and CuO-NPs on a wide variety of microorganisms, such as bacteria

Methods

Results

Conclusion