Abstract
Simple SummaryThe bird cherry-oat aphid and the fungal plant pathogen causing stagonospora nodorum blotch (SNB) are common pests of wheat. Plants are under constant attack by multiple pests and diseases but there are limited studies on the interaction between several pests on wheat. We therefore conducted controlled greenhouse and laboratory experiments to determine how these pests affected each other on a wheat plant. We found that aphid feeding predisposed wheat to fungal disease, but that aphids preferred and reproduced better on leaves that had not been infected by the fungal pathogen. These results are important to understand the interactions between multiple pests on wheat and how to develop new control strategies in future integrated pest management (IPM).Wheat plants are under constant attack by multiple pests and diseases. Until now, there are no studies on the interaction between the aphid Rhopalosiphum padi and the plant pathogenic fungus Parastagonospora nodorum causal agent of septoria nodorum blotch (SNB) on wheat. Controlled experiments were conducted to determine: (i) The preference and reproduction of aphids on P. nodorum inoculated and non-inoculated wheat plants and (ii) the effect of prior aphid infestation of wheat plants on SNB development. The preference and reproduction of aphids was determined by releasing female aphids on P. nodorum inoculated (SNB+) and non-inoculated (SNB−) wheat leaves. The effect of prior aphid infestation of wheat plants on SNB development was determined by inoculating P. nodorum on aphid-infested (Aphid+) and aphid free (Aphid−) wheat plants. Higher numbers of aphids moved to and settled on the healthy (SNB−) leaves than inoculated (SNB+) leaves, and reproduction was significantly higher on SNB− leaves than on SNB+ leaves. Aphid infestation of wheat plants predisposed the plants to P. nodorum infection and colonization. These results are important to understand the interactions between multiple pests in wheat and hence how to develop new strategies in future integrated pest management (IPM).
Highlights
Wheat (Triticum aestivum) plants are often under simultaneous or sequential attack of pests from multiple unrelated groups of pests
Our results show that the pre-infestation of wheat plants by Bird cherry-oat aphi (R. padi) predisposes the plants to P. nodorum and increases the severity and disease de(R
Wheat plants are under constant attack by multiple pests and until now there are no studies on the interaction between the aphid R. padi and the stagonospora nodorum blotch (SNB) on wheat
Summary
Wheat (Triticum aestivum) plants are often under simultaneous or sequential attack of pests from multiple unrelated groups of pests. The bird cherry-oat aphid (Rhopalosiphum padi (Aphididae: Hemiptera)) and the necrotrophic pathogen, Parastagonospora nodorum, the causal agent of stagonospora nodorum blotch (SNB) are economically important pests of wheat. In northern Europe, the two main aphid species in cereals are R. padi and the grain aphid Sitobion avenae. They are serious insect pests on cereals and share host plants in the Poaceae (grass) family, which includes crops like wheat [2]. Rhopalosiphum padi has a wide geographic distribution and correspondingly different life cycles [4] Further it has an anholocyclic life cycle in cereals during the cropping season. Aphids can cause yield losses as high as 40% in wheat [6] and SNB can cause up to 50% of yield loss in susceptible cultivars [7]
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