Abstract
Hypertension is a complex disease explained with diverse factors including environmental factors and genetic factors. The objectives of this study were to determine the interaction effects between gene variants and 24 h estimated urinary sodium and potassium excretion and sodium-potassium excretion ratios on the risk of hypertension. A total of 8839 participants were included in the genome-wide association study (GWAS) to find genetic factors associated with hypertension. Tanaka and Kawasaki formulas were applied to estimate 24 h urinary sodium and potassium excretion. A total of 4414 participants were included in interaction analyses to identify the interaction effects of gene variants according to 24 h estimated urinary factors on the risk of hypertension. CSK rs1378942 and CSK-MIR4513 rs3784789 were significantly modified by urinary sodium-potassium excretion ratio. In addition, MKLN rs1643270 with urinary potassium excretion, LOC101929750 rs7554672 with urinary sodium and potassium excretion, and TENM4 rs10466739 with urinary sodium-potassium excretion ratio showed significant interaction effects. The present study results indicated that the mutant alleles of CSK rs1378942 and CSK-MIR4513 rs3784789 had the strongest protective effects against hypertension in the middle group of 24 h estimated urinary sodium-potassium excretion ratio. Further studies are needed to replicate these analyses in other populations.
Highlights
Hypertension is widely known to cause cardiovascular diseases including myocardial infarction, congestive heart failure, peripheral vascular disease, stroke, and coronary artery disease [1], which are strongly related to mortality worldwide [2]
There have been several studies that examined the relationship between single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) and blood pressure or hypertension via genome-wide association studies (GWAS)
A total of 178 SNPs were associated with the risk of hypertension
Summary
Hypertension is widely known to cause cardiovascular diseases including myocardial infarction, congestive heart failure, peripheral vascular disease, stroke, and coronary artery disease [1], which are strongly related to mortality worldwide [2]. The prevention of hypertension is a vital issue for public health. The prevalence of hypertension is 28.9% (31.8% in men, 26.2% in women) in Korean adults, and is higher in elderly groups over 65 years old The control of blood pressure to prevent hypertension is not a simple undertaking because the mechanism of hypertension is complicated and is related to environmental factors and genetic factors. There have been several studies that examined the relationship between single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) and blood pressure or hypertension via genome-wide association studies (GWAS). The mechanism of blood pressure is not sufficiently explained by the genetic effect. Sodium intake and sodium-potassium ratio are generally known to have positive associationsNutrients with 2017, blood pressure and hypertension [13,14,15,16,17,18,19,20], while potassium intake is known to have a negative association with blood pressure andexamined hypertension [13,21]. between
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