Interaction Between Pre-pregnancy Body Mass Index and Gestational Weight Gain to Newborn Outcomes: Results From the VDPM Cohort Study in Indonesia

Abstract

ObjectivesThe aim of this study was to analyze the interaction between pre-pregnancy body mass index (PP BMI), gestational weight gain (GWG), and newborn outcomes among pregnant mothers in West Sumatera, Indonesia. MethodsThis VDPM cohort study was conducted from September 2017 to March 2018 in West Sumatra, Indonesia. We obtained 195 healthy mother-infant pairs. GWG status created by comparing PP BMI and GWG guidelines based on the World Health Organization (WHO). Newborn birth weight, birth length, and head circumference were taken immediately after delivery as pregnancy outcomes. SPSS version 20.0 was used to analyze bivariate and multivariate analysis to assess the interaction between PP BMI and gestational weight gain in pregnancy outcomes with adjusting potential confounders. A P-value less than 0.05 was considered as a significant association. ResultsOf the 195 mother-infant pairs (Mean 29.66 years) included in the main sample, Most of the mothers had 46.7% normal PP BMI with most of them had an inadequate GWG status during pregnancy with 53.3%. Adequate and excessive GWG statuses were 34.4% and 12.3%, respectively. There was a significant association between PP BMI and GWG (p < 0.01). This study had no interaction between PP BMI and GWG to the newborn outcomes (p > 0.05). Adverse newborn outcomes were not statistically significant among groups. However, mothers who had inadequate GWG status may have significant lower birth weight and head circumference compared to normal and excessive GWG status (p < 0.05). ConclusionsThis study had no interaction between PP BMI and GWG status to newborn outcomes. However, the GWG status associated with newborn outcomes in birth weight and head circumference level. Further prospective studies with a larger number are required to confirm this finding. Funding SourcesIndonesian Danone Institute Foundation.