Interaction between Phagocytic Cells with Antiphagocytic Properties of Cryptococcus neoformans: When Love and Hate Collide

Abstract

Global systemic fungal infection, including meningeal cryptococcosis caused by the encapsulated yeast Cryptococcus spp, continue to rise in number, especially among HIV infected individuals. Infection occur through inhalation of spore which is abundant in the environment. Initially this fungus stay in the lungs for a certain time without causing any symptoms and when the host’s cellular immune status is depleted, it can uses monocyte as a vehicle to take them to the brain, using a mechanism called Trojan Horse mechanism. Normal alveolar macrophage as the first line of innate immune system in the lungs are supposed to phagocytose, internalized and then destroy it inside an organelle named phagolysosome. But Cryptococcus spp seemed to have a built in antiphagocytic mechanism to avoid destruction and even can multiply therein. The interaction between this clever yeast and the host’s phagocytic cells determine the course of the disease.